| RTL design | Write Verilog for blocks: state machines, FIFOs, bus interfaces | ₹6–8 LPA | Verilog, digital logic, clean synthesisable code |
| Design verification | Build testbenches, hunt bugs, measure coverage | Tracks RTL design | SystemVerilog, testbenches, OOP, Python or Perl |
| Physical design / STA | Floorplan, place, route and close timing with scripts | ₹6–12 LPA | Static timing, DRC/LVS, Tcl scripting |
| Analog & mixed-signal | Design amplifiers, data converters, PLLs, power circuits | Premium over digital generalists | MOSFET and op-amp design, SPICE |
| Packaging & test | Assemble, test and qualify chips at ATMP/OSAT plants | Varies by plant and role | Test basics, measurement, data analysis, DFT |